Los multipeligros y el riesgo sistémico de las emergencias y desastres en la Multidimensionalidad de la Seguridad Nacional

Abstract

The experiences and evidence generated at a global level from the efforts of prospective, corrective and reactive management of disaster risk for several years now; It has allowed us to understand that the multi-hazard and multi-hazard approaches must be integrated. This article seeks to present the conceptual framework of these approaches for their proper management by national systems and multidimensional security. Two categories classify the approaches, one of independent multihazards and a second of simultaneous multihazards and their possible interactions. The interaction of multihazards is based on three basic mechanisms: triggering, influence and coincidence. It is concluded that the current global scenarios and systemic risk dynamics lead to the mandatory need for countries to integrate multi-hazard and multi-hazard risk approaches into their policies, regulations, plans, programs and financing; multi-hazard approaches allow for improved strategies and actions for preparedness, response, rehabilitation and reconstruction; The multi-hazard risk approach provides, despite limited standardized conceptualization, an opportunity to improve disaster risk reduction as well as risk prevention. National risk management and civil defense systems must necessarily incorporate these approaches if they seek to meet the sustainable development goals. The multi-hazard and multi-hazard risk approaches will be part of the priorities that must be managed from multidimensional security.