The Lost Route of Peruvian Gold and its implications for National Security
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58211/cdt.vi24.89Keywords:
illegal gold mining, minerals, miners, illegal trade, formalizationAbstract
n Peru, the mining sector has managed to improve the country's economy and society, contributing up to 10% of PIB and the main minerals are copper, zinc and gold, whose national exports represented more than 60% in 2019, being the gold the second most important mining product. The mining legal regulations that began in 1992, backed by the Peruvian Constitution, have managed to give the necessary impetus to turn this sector into the engine of the national economy; however, gold production in remote areas of the country still have governance problems that create opportunities for organized crime and illegal mining activity, facilitated by factors such as institutional weakness, corruption, poverty, an economy based on money in cash and high levels of informality that affect national security. Peru has complex and substantial challenges in the fight against the illegal gold trade and despite the time that has elapsed, it requires priority and effective attention, which benefits the inhabitants of those remote areas of the country.
References
Diario Gestión. (17 de marzo de 2019). Hernando de Soto: Hay más de 500,000 mineros informales en el Perú. Diario Gestión. https://gestion.pe/economia/hernando-soto-hay-500-000-mineros-informales-peru-261608-noticia/.
Ministerio de Energía y Minas. (2021). Anuario Minero 2021. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minem/informes-publicaciones/3145151-anuario-minero-2021
OEA - DDOT (2021). Tras el dinero del oro ilícito: Fortaleciendo la lucha contra las finanzas de la minería ilegal. https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con5_uibd.nsf/2D956FE89678D3C5052588A8006B97D7/$FILE/29.Tras-el-dinero-del-oro-ilicito-El-caso-de-Peru.pdf
Ojo Público. (19 de enero de 2021). Amazonía: solo el 1% de operaciones mineras se formalizó en Madre de Dios. Ojo Público. https://ojo-publico.com/2421/solo-el-1-de-operaciones-mineras-se-formalizo-en-madre-de-dios.
Planet Gold. (2020). How can Peru transform artisanal mining after COVID-19? https://www.planetgold.org/how-can-peru-transform-artisanal-mining-after-covid-19.
Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros y AFP. (2021). Información Estadística- Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera del Perú. https://www.sbs.gob.pe/Portals/5/jer/ESTADISTICAS-OPERATIVAS/2021/Bolet%C3%ADn%20estad%C3%ADstico%20mayo%202021.pdf
Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria y Aduanas. (2020). Informe N° 18-2020/1V3000. https://www.mef.gob.pe/contenidos/tributos/doc/Estimacion_Contrabando_2019.pdf.
USAID. (2022). Corrupción en la minería artesanal y de pequeña escala en la Amazonía Peruana. https://www.eli.org/sites/default/files/files-pdf/Informe-Corrupcion-en-MAPE_final.pdf
USGS. (2020). Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Alberto Saenz Vertiz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.